Motion detection, the Wigner distribution function, and the optical fractional Fourier transform.

It is shown that both surface tilting and translational motion can be independently estimated by use of the speckle photographic technique by capturing consecutive images in two different fractional Fourier domains. A geometric interpretation, based on use of the Wigner distribution function, is presented to describe this application of the optical fractional Fourier transform when little prior information is known about the motion.